Risk Factors for Manipulation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pooled Electronic Health Record Database Study

A commercially available software platform, Explorys (Explorys, Inc., Cleveland, OH), was used to mine a pooled electronic healthcare database consisting of the medical records of more than 27 million patients. A total of 229,420 patients had undergone a total knee arthroplasty; 3470 (1.51%) patients were identified to have undergone manipulation under anesthesia. Individual risk factors of being female, African American race, age less than 60, BMI > 30 and nicotine dependence were determined to have relative risk of 1.25, 2.20, 3.46, 1.33 and 1.32 respectively. Depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus, opioid abuse/dependence and rheumatoid arthritis were not significant risk factors. African Americans under the age of 60 at time of TKA had the greatest incidence of MUA (5.17%) and relative risk of 3.73 (CI: 3.36, 4.13).     

New method of thrombus preparation using a fluid model for evaluation of thrombectomy devices in a swine model

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy is a promising new modality of interventional stroke treatment. Preparation of thrombus is a very important step for the evaluation of the mechanical thrombectomy devices. The objective of this study was to explore a new method of thrombus preparation with fluid model (FM) for assessment of thrombectomy devices used in the recanalization of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

Elongation test and catheter injection test were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of thrombi prepared by FM and static model (SM). Histological structures of two artificial clots and specimens of stroke patients were compared. Radiopacity of thrombus made by FM was evaluated in a swine embolization model.

Results

The maximum tensile length of thrombi prepared by FM and SM were significantly higher (4.28 ± 0.23 cm vs 3.16 ± 0.13 cm, P < 0.01) and showed less breakage on catheter injection test (13% vs 60%, P < 0.05). Histological features of thrombi prepared by FM showed mixed thrombus structure, similar to thromboemboli retrieved from acute stroke patients, while clots generated by SM were replete with erythrocytes. A total of twelve vessels in two swine were successfully occluded (TIMI 0 or 1), with sufficient radiopacity of each injected thrombus.

Conclusion

The thrombus prepared by FM had good mechanical stability, sufficient radiopacity, and similar histological structure of thromboemboli retrieved from stroke patients, which make it possible to be used in the evaluation of thrombectomy devices.     

Electrodiagnostic features of true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Introduction: We report the electrodiagnostic (EDX) features of 32 patients with surgically verified true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TN‐TOS). Methods: Retrospective record review. Results: We found uniform EDX evidence of a chronic axon loss process that affected the lower portion of the brachial plexus and disproportionately involved the T1 more than the C8 sensory and motor fibers. Because of this relationship, the medial antebrachial cutaneous sensory nerve (T1) and median motor (T1 > C8) study combination was abnormal in 89%, whereas response combinations that primarily assessed the C8 fibers were less frequently affected. Conclusions: The characteristic EDX features of TN‐TOS are T1 > C8 nerve fiber involvement. A comprehensive EDX examination of the lower plexus with contralateral comparison studies is imperative to diagnose this disorder accurately. Muscle Nerve 49 : 724–727, 2014     

老年人颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤的治疗策略

目的探讨颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤手术治疗效果。方法对23例合并颈脊髓损伤的颈椎过伸性损伤老年患者行减压后植骨融合内固定术,其中前路手术18例,后路手术5例。结果23例均获随访,时间8～36个月。末次随访时脊髓功能Frankel分级：A级1例恢复至B级;B级7例恢复至c级2例、D级4例、E级1例;C级10例恢复至D级5例、E级5例;D级5例均恢复至E级。结论对颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤的老年患者,早期行手术减压、植骨融合内固定,疗效满意。     

颈椎Modic改变与颈椎退行性疾病的关系

目的探讨颈椎Modic改变与颈椎退行性疾病之间的关系。方法对78例Modic改变患者的颈椎退行性疾病进行统计,分析其与Modic改变之间的关系。结果 78例患者中30例(38.5%)诊断为轻度颈椎退行性疾病,26例(33.3%)诊断为中度颈椎退行性疾病,22例(28.2%)诊断为重度颈椎退行性疾病。结论颈椎Modic改变好发于老年患者,以Ⅱ型改变居多,多发生于C5~6、C6~7节段,与颈椎退行性疾病的程度无明显关系。     

脊髓型颈椎病的手术方案选择

脊髓型颈椎病是指由于颈椎退行性改变导致颈髓受压而引起的综合征,常伴脊髓功能异常。手术治疗是解决颈髓受压最确切而有效的手段。该文结合颈椎常见手术的适应证、禁忌证及相关并发症,简要探讨颈椎常见手术的优缺点,以期为临床医师提供参考。     

间苯三酚联合缩宫素静滴促宫颈成熟及产程进展的临床疗效分析

目的探讨间苯三酚联合缩宫素静滴促宫颈成熟及产程进展的临床疗效。方法选择足月妊娠单胎头位104例需引产初产妇,采用单盲法随机分为两组各52例。研究组予间苯三酚120 mg加入5%葡萄糖250 ml静脉滴注,继而缩宫素2.5 U加入5%葡萄糖500 ml静脉滴注;对照组单纯予缩宫素2.5 U加入5%葡萄糖500 ml静脉滴注。记录并比较两组宫颈成熟度、产程进展、阴道分娩率、新生儿Apgar评分、产后阴道出血量及用药后母婴不良反应。结果研究组宫颈成熟度Bishop评分改善程度明显优于对照组,总产程时间明显短于对照组,阴道分娩率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组产后阴道出血量、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),用药后母婴均无明显不良反应出现。结论间苯三酚联合缩宫素能促进宫颈成熟,加速产程进展,提高阴道分娩率,且对母婴无不良影响。     

氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症手术的麻醉管理

目的探讨氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症手术的麻醉特点及管理方法。方法对2009年2月～2014年3月5例氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症的麻醉管理进行总结。2例术前颈椎活动严重受限,改良Mallampati分级Ⅲ级,考虑可能为困难气管插管,清醒表面麻醉下行纤维支气管镜引导气管插管;余3例为非困难气管插管,行快速诱导直视下Macintosh喉镜气管插管。结果5例均安全度过围术期,无死亡。1例因呼吸功能不全,术后转入ICU病房,次日拔管;余4例术后转入PACU拔管。术后均无麻醉相关并发症,顺利出院。结论氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症患者困难气道发生率高,气道管理是围术期麻醉管理的核心问题。     

双节段颈椎间盘置换联合cage融合术治疗颈椎病

目的观察连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换联合邻近节段cage融合术治疗三节段颈椎病的临床疗效,探讨该联合术式(Hybrid术式)的可行性及节段选择标准。方法采用双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换联合邻近节段cage融合术治疗58例连续三节段病变的颈椎病患者。术前、术后进行JOA评分(17分法)和颈椎残障功能量表(NDI)评定;术后进行Odom标准评定;随访观察椎间盘假体稳定性、假体活动度、cage融合状态及cage位移情况等。结果手术均顺利完成,未出现严重术中不良事件,手术时间60~125(88.3±10.5)min;术中出血量10~60(30.3±12.1)ml。58例均获随访,时间6~48(22.2±8.3)个月。末次随访时,JOA评分由术前5~10(8.6±1.2)分增至12~17(14.1±1.5)分(P0.01);NDI评分由术前34~42(40.5±2.6)分降至13~20(16.8±3.3)分(P0.01)。Odom评定:优36例,良12例,可6例,差4例,优良率为93.1%。人工椎间盘稳定,置换节段活动度为16°~21°(18.2°±5.6°),与术前17°~23°(19.1°±4.8°)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后颈椎整体活动度为26°~41°(33.8°±10.3°),与术前33°~52°(40.3°±12.6°)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cage植骨全部融合,无cage松动和沉陷。结论连续双节段颈椎间盘置换联合邻近节段cage融合为三节段颈椎病患者的手术治疗提供了新的术式选择,兼顾了颈椎的稳定和运动功能,初、中期随访疗效让人满意。     

激光光镊对生物细胞操纵的研究

目的：利用光镊实现对生物微粒的操作。方法：利用激光陷阱技术，用激光器、生物显微镜、CCD传感器和计算机图像处理系统构成一套光镊来进行操纵，结果：利用制作的装置成功地对多种细胞进行了捕获和操纵，结论：激光束陷阱能够方便地捕获和操纵生物微粒。